Essay on human evolution - 1305 Words

The central purpose of this essay is to critically discuss the importance of understanding human evolution and the history of psychology for the modern psychologist. For the human evolution, the essay will be addressing on how we and other species descended from our ancestors and how the different environment has helped to us to become more adaptable. Regarding the history of psychology, the essay will be discussing on how psychology branched off from the philosophy approach to become its own science. The essay will then go on discussing how the understanding of both human evolution and history of psychology would be used by modern psychologist. Every story has a beginning and an end. To be able to understand the importance of modern†¦show more content†¦They were full bipedal and their brain size and brain patterns evolved by increasing (590-687 cc). Their diet was mainly meat which might have an influence on their rapid growth of their brains. (Tobias 1987). The next species to appear were the Homo erectus which might have descended from Homo habilis. They were the first human whose fossils were found outside of Africa. They also had larger brain than the species before them. Homo sapiens sapiens came after the Homo Neanderthalensis; they are the only human species around. This could have been due to the result of increase brain sizes that allows more cognitive abilities that help them adapt to different environment changes and hence survive. Global evidence have been found of art, music, and culture and advanced tool making. In Mithen’s 3 phase of mind proposes that the shape of the Neanderthals’ frontal lobe was similar to the one of the modern Homo sapiens and this indicated that they were able to cope with complex cognitive functioning. Evidence for this could be explained using the phonological approach by Frank Gall (1758-1828). Human evolution links with the history of psychology through Thomas Wynn’s cognitive archaeology. Thomas Wynn (1979) wanted to find the link between archaeology and psychology. He used Piaget’s theory of development to argue that old humans had functional operational intelligence which requires forShow MoreRelatedEvolution And Its Impact On Human Evolution910 Words   |  4 Pages Humans have gone through many stages of adaptation, allowing for great expansion and our unrivaled dominance of the earth. So it could seem as though humans have reached the peak of evolutionary development. Evolution is often thought of as a natural process, and were it not for humans, this might be true. However, evolution, in the strictest sense, is a change in the genetic structure of a population (Jurmain, et al., 5). While natural selection is a major contributor to the process of evolutionRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Evolution1103 Words   |  5 PagesHuman evolution according to research started over 6 million years ago. The outcome of the evolution process is the current human beings. Scientific studies have revealed over the years a remarkable affinity between the chimpanzees/Apes and human beings. Even though this reality is not a definitive prove that human beings evolved from apes, it does show that the human beings are in one way or another related to other primat es. Scientists suppose that the humans and the primates shared a commonRead MoreEvolution And Its Effect On Human Evolution1826 Words   |  8 Pages It is the key to our evolution is very much correct. Beneficial mutation can be a next step of human evolution as people get more adapted to their environment, greatly increasing their chance of successfully reproducing. Evolution is the process of the characteristics of an organism changing over a long period of time. There are two types of evolution: micro, where gene frequencies are shifted within the population, and macro, where a whole new species arises. Evolution occur through naturalRead MoreConvergent Evolution Of Human Evolution972 Words   |  4 Pagesinstance of human evolution has been detected among the peoples of East Africa. It is the ability to digest milk in adulthood, conferred by genetic changes that occurred as recently as 3,000 years ago, a team of geneticists has found.The finding is a striking example of a cultural practice — the raising of dairy cattle — feeding back into the human genome. It also seems to be one of the first instances of convergent human evolution to be documented at the genetic level. Convergent evolution refers toRead MoreThe Evolution Of Humans And Humans978 Words   |  4 PagesHumans have existed on Earth for approximately 3.4 million y ears. The oldest known human ancestor is Lucy, an Australopithecus. Over this extensive period of time, humans have evolved significantly. Homo Sapiens have grown from 3 to almost 6 feet (average), lost most of the body hair, became leaner and adapted to walking. Humans have come a long way, from Australopithecus to Homo sapiens, from living in trees to living in cities. Slowly, through hundreds of thousands of years, we mutated over andRead MoreEvolution of Human3142 Words   |  13 PagesHuman evolution is the biological and cultural development of humans. A human is any member of the species Homo sapiens, meaning wise man. Since at least the Upper Paleolithic era, some 40,000 years ago, every human society has devised a creation myth to explain how humans came to be. Creation myths are based on cultural beliefs that have been adopted as a legitimate explanation by a society as to where we came from. The science of paleoanthropology, which also tries to create a narrative aboutRe ad MoreHuman Evolution2755 Words   |  12 PagesHuman Evolution Human Evolution, the biological and cultural development of the species Homo sapiens, or human beings. A large number of fossil bones and teeth have been found at various places throughout Africa, Europe, and Asia. Tools of stone, bone, and wood, as well as fire hearths, campsites, and burials, also have been discovered and excavated. As a result of these discoveries, a picture of human evolution during the past 4 to 5 million years has emerged. Human Physical Traits Humans areRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Body989 Words   |  4 PagesThe evolution of the human body can be observed from studying the intermediates found in ancestral organisms. Shubin proposes that every attribute that makes us human can be traced back to a time that showcases its importance for survival. Every single trait in the human body has been selected for through multiple mechanisms of evolution, natural selection being one of them. This theory is intriguing because not long ago it was unheard of to relate humans to fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, andRead MoreThe Evolution Of Human Origins1179 Words   |  5 PagesInitial ideas of human origins are reflected in the ancient mythologies. Later on, religious versions of human origins appeared. One of the most popular religious theory is creationism. According to it God had created men and everything else in the world. There are two types of creationism, young earth creationism and old earth c reationism . Ancient philosophy first proposed ideas of the natural origins of men. Most of its ideas were speculative. It was the product of the ancient philosophers` imaginationRead MoreThe Evolution Of The Human Body996 Words   |  4 Pagesinformation website is primarily focused on the evolution of the human body. The web source provides various selections to choose from, including: the human evolution summary, timeline, hall of skulls, and their perspectives. Likewise, the human evolution page describes the fossil hominids and their origins. The author recapitulates the hominid family, which consists of Homo, Australopithecus, and Ardipithecus. Correspondingly, the human evolution timeline page includes six distinct topics that follow

The Role Ronald Reagan Had in ending the Cold War Essay

The purpose of this investigation is to determine the role Ronald Reagan had in ending the Cold War. This topic is important because now that it is becoming accepted that Reagan had a goal in mind of ending communism when he became president, it is time to determine the way he accomplished the task of ending the Cold War. The research will focus primarily on deciding whether or not it was through exploiting Soviet vulnerabilities, negotiations, or a military build-up. In answering the inquiry question, the main sources that will be used will be a book and National Security Decision Directive 75 (NSDD 75). The book, a biography of Reagan written by Paul Kengor, titled The Crusader: Ronald Reagan and the Fall of Communism, views Reagan’s†¦show more content†¦Ã¯â€š § In January 1981 during a meeting with the National Security Planning Group, CIA director Bill Casey shared his opinions of how the US should take down the USSR and â€Å"Reagan agreed with Casey that the administration should launch a concerted effort to play on Soviet vulnerabilities† and started creating a plan on how to do just that (The Crusader). ï‚ § Reagan wanted to show the world all the Soviet Union’s vulnerabilities that could be used to take it down. Using their vulnerabilities to our advantage by doing actions such as â€Å"covert financial and intelligence support to the Solidarity union in Poland and other opposition groups within the Soviet empire; financial and military support to the Afghan resistance; cooperative efforts with Saudi Arabia to drive down the price of oil, and limiting Soviet natural gas exports to the West, thereby reducing Soviet hard currency earnings; a campaign to limit Soviet access to Western high technology; a technological disinformation effort to help disrupt the Soviet economy; a massive U.S. defense buildup, including the SDI program, to put more pressure on Soviet economic resources; and financial, military and logistical support for anti-communist forces in several Third World countries† (Reagan and End of the Cold War). ï‚ § â€Å"There are a number of important weaknesses and vulnerabilities within the Soviet empire which the U.S. should exploit. U.S. policies should seek wherever possible to encourage Soviet allies to distanceShow MoreRelatedJimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan Analysis1118 Words   |  5 PagesRonald Reagan Analysis Paper HIS/145 January / 2014 â€Æ' Ronald Reagan was born in 1911 and died in 2004 the former president of the United States from 1981 to 1989 was also the governor of California from 1967 to 1975. Many people have mixed feelings of Ronald Reagan. Some did not like that Reagan was an actor before he became president of the United States. Attempted assassination In 1981 President Ronald Reagan survived an assassination attempt. The time was estimated around 2:25 p.mRead MoreIb Hl History Ia1632 Words   |  7 PagesHistory Internal Assessment Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? Word Count: 1,634 Was President Ronald Reagan the reason for the Cold War’s conclusion? A. Plan of Investigation This investigation focuses on the impact that President Ronald Reagan had on ending the Cold War between the United States of America and the Soviet Union during the 1980’s. The use of historian argumentation, primary sources, such as Ronald Reagan’s Address to the Nation on Defense andRead MoreContributions to the End of the Cold War1389 Words   |  6 PagesArrived, at the End of the War On Christmas Day 1991, at 7:35 p.m., the Soviet flag flying over the Kremlin was lowered and replaced by the new Russian Federation flag. The USSR officially ceased to exist on December 31, 1991. The fall of the Soviet Union signified the end of the Cold War (Nye 2). Obviously, this was a huge moment in our world’s history; a 44-year-old tension between two of the most powerful countries in the world, which almost brought us to a combative war, was destroyed. But howRead MoreRonald Reagan Prolonged The Cold War Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pagesfactor which played a part in ending the Cold War was the internal unrest of the Soviet Union. Also the ever changing system we know now as International Relations had a role in the conclusion of this time period. I will additionally argue the antithesis of the question and explain how Ronald Reagan prolonged the Cold War. Response: During the Second World War, USA and the Soviet Union came together against a common enemy. It was the immediate events after the War which lead to renewed tensionsRead MoreRonald Reagan s President Of The United States1129 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican people elected Ronald Reagan as President of the United States of America. Many people claim that Reagan was one of the greatest presidents of all time, while others believe that the country would have been much better off had Reagan never been elected. 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During his presidency, Reagan showed that he was this man through his patriotism, family values and faith in God, achieving economic prosperity and peace and stability during international turmoil. Explaining why he is one of America’s most revered presidents to date. Ronald Wilson Reagan was born on February 6, 1911 to parents John ‘Jack’ and Nelle Reagan along with older brother Neil in the small Midwest town of TampicoRead MoreRonald Reagan s Accomplishments And Accomplishments1509 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Ronald Reagan Era From Hollywood to the White House, Ronald Reagan has always been a public favorite, especially among presidential history. Many people view him as an iconic political figure, who made bold decisions as part of his leadership. Reagan has been credited with numerous feats and failures, such as, reducing the poverty rate by cutting taxes and increasing defense spending, negotiating a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets to bring a quicker end to the Cold War, andRead MoreRonald Reagan s Accomplishments And Accomplishments1514 Words   |  7 Pages2017 Ronald Reagan Era From Hollywood to the White House, Ronald Reagan has always been a public favorite, especially among presidential history. Many people view him as an iconic political figure, who made bold decisions as part of his leadership. Reagan has been credited with numerous feats and failures, such as, reducing the poverty rate by cutting taxes and increasing defense spending, negotiating a nuclear arms reduction agreement with the Soviets to bring a quicker end to the Cold War, andRead MoreWhat Makes a Great President1541 Words   |  7 Pagesstill more talent and character to hold up under the pressures of life in the White House. Great presidents are skilled party leaders. In the 1930s, FDR rebuilt his party by forging a coalition that delivered five straight presidential victories. Reagan also revived his party, in disarray after the scandals of the Nixon administration. He unified Southerners, laborers, entrepreneurs and religious conservatives into a powerful block that swept the Repub licans to three victories in the 1980 s.

Should It Be Important For Policymakers And Specialists

Should it be important for policymakers and specialists to think about the academic investigation of International Relations? The individuals that conduct foreign arrangements regularly disregard academic scholars. However, there is an inevitable connection between the conceptual universe of hypothesis and the present policymaking because in our current reality all nations are in a manner interdependent, and this is where the importance of the study of International Relations comes. The connections between global forces are turning out to be more pertinent to Americans, as issues concerning them become more intricate of forces abroad. Understanding universal relations is critical to a world where thousands of atomic weapons exist and more nations are attempting to obtain them, where a large number of people die every day from neediness brought about by the manner in which the international system works, and where suicide terrorist assaults like the ones of September 11, 2001, come al l of a sudden. (REF Singer J. David; The Level-of-Analysis Problem in International Relations Pg. 77) It has a common belief that the cause of the 9/11 assaults was an identity conflict between the Western powers and the non-democratic governments in the Middle East. According to The Washington Post columnist Jim Hoagland who wrote about the attacks a year after they happened, â€Å"The removal of Saddam Hussein [then Iraq’s leader] and Yasser Arafat [then leader of the PalestinianShow MoreRelatedThe Relationship Between Policymaker And Ic946 Words   |  4 PagesWhich should it be â€Å"distant† or â€Å"proximate†? Encarta dictionary defines balance as a state in which two opposing factors are of equal importance so that they effectively cancel each other out and stability is maintained. (Microsoft nd) The balanced result of what is â€Å"distant† and â€Å"proximate† relationships can be set so that stability is maintained and is the answer to the question posed concerning the relationship between policymaker and IC that both â€Å"distant† and â€Å"proximate† relationships can affordRead MoreChallenges Of The Uk Healthcare System992 Words   |  4 Pagesmortality rates can be greatly reduced if CVD is managed by cardiologist; however, the Department of Health (2013) reports cardiologist are only managing 40-60% of CVD patients. Policies aimed at ensuring GP follow best practice protocols is extremely important. Manipulating Wait Time Data to Achieve Targets Wait times have also been a long-term problem for the NHS. As a result, they introduced wait time targets in 2000. Facilities performances towards achieving targets are widely publicized and areRead MoreHealth Community And Society Advocate Healthy Life Style For Preventing Chronic Disease Development1194 Words   |  5 Pagesservices are lower than treatment provided by specialists (Shi, 2012). Health care insurance also provides greater coverage in hospital-based procedures in which high technology medical treatments are applied. Therefore, primary care physicians deviate from providing quality primary health care services and begin implementing specialty services. In addition, lack of current primary care physicians incentive support medical students seek specialists route. Another disadvantage of primary care physiciansRead MoreReadiness Audit For Gulliver Academy996 Words   |  4 Pagesinternational: Growing and connecting leaders in education, n.d.). A team of auditors will use the 5 standards to evaluate the effectiveness of a curriculum. The auditing team is usually comprised of administrators, lead teachers, and a curriculum specialist. The audit team will conduct site visits, interviews, and use documents to determine if the curriculum was written correctly, taught properly, and tested effectively (Phi delta kappa international: Growing and connecting leaders in education, nRead MorePayday Loans Should Not Be Legal1705 Words   |  7 Pagesencrypted websites to ensure that the consumers information is kept confidential. Payday loans can easily get out of control, which makes it very important for one to use them only when necessary. Situations such as paying medical bills, covering car repairs, saving money on late fees that could produce a dip in credit rating, etc. are all instances when one should consider a payday loan. 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The purpose of this paper is to analyze how the lack of accountability within higher learning institutions fails to sufficiently and adequately address sexual misconduct and harassment. Then, through a review of the literature, this paper discusses the importance of having a universal set of guidelines all institutions should follow in order to achieve consistencyRead MoreHurt, Pain, Physical And Mental Distraught Are Just A Few1597 Words   |  7 Pages At least 20% reported being bullied on school grounds and over 16% were victims of some type of cyberbullying.† (http://resources.uknowkids.com/blog/bid/302867/The-Educational-Impact-of-Bullying-and-Cyberbullying) Freedom of speech is an important issue and it is vital that we protect that freedom. Freedom of speech is protected by the First Amendment to the Constitution. But, I don’t think â€Å"our forefathers envisioned a world of smartphone cameras and social platforms† (WiredKids, Inc). 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What Was The First Ident - 1143 Words

What was the first ident? The 2 December 1953 saw the landing of the first ident, nicknamed the Bat s Wings. This was an intricate mechanical contraption built by Abram Games, which included a minor turning globe in the middle, encompassed by two turning eyes, with lightning flashes to either side. The historical backdrop of BBC TV idents starts in the mid 1950s, when the BBC initially showed a logo between projects to recognize its administration. As new innovation has ended up accessible, these gadgets have developed from basic still highly contrasting pictures to the refined full shading short movies seen today. With the landing of advanced administrations in the United Kingdom, and with them numerous all the more new channels, marking is seen by telecasters to be a great deal more critical, implying that idents need to emerge from the opposition. Idents initially began in the mid 1950 s. BBC was the first channel to begin showing a logo in the middle of projects to distinguish it s channel. Since innovation is considerably more propelled that the 1950 s, a straightforward highly contrasting picture has now turned into the full shading short clasps as seen on TV today. This was the first ever ident utilized, it was utilized from 1953 to 1960, and the rings around the inside speck would turn and pivot, while the wings would streak. A harp jingle went with it. 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Sleep psychosis was a real thing and spacers were more prone to itRead MoreThe National Security Agency Invasion1090 Words   |  4 PagesLiving in a country that is known to be â€Å"Land of the free†¦Ã¢â‚¬  is not exactly what most people dream of. The United States may be known for its freedom and power, but most people are unaware of the covertness behind the government. And by now, almost every American citi zen knows that privacy no longer exists. In this century and country, it really does not. In the United States, most people look toward the government as salvation, protection, and reliance. Unfortunately, not everything is as goodRead MoreA Report On Online Gambling1869 Words   |  8 PagesBlog 4 - 32Red posts record revenue results for the first half of 2016 32Red, one of the most popular casino online gambling operators around, recently released their figures for the first half of 2016. 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Do they market to postgraduate and undergraduate groups differently, what about international and domestic student groups----is this difference important for the effective marketing of higher education services to students?Read MoreNew Orleans Public School Crisis2646 Words   |  11 Pagesdoors of William Frantz Public School in New Orleans, Louisian a, she walked into the pages of history. Ruby was the first African American student at this previously all-white school on the 14th of November, 1960. This was the New Orleans Public School Crisis, and this was just the beginning of all the riots to come. The equality of Blacks and Whites was nonexistent, and social justice was poor because of the racial prejudices that stood in the way. Blacks were not allowed to have the same education

Economics of Globalization Vietnam Economy

Question: Discuss about theEconomics of Globalization for Vietnams Economy. Answer: Introduction: This study is examined to understand the economy of Vietnam and do an analysis on the Vietnams economy. It is one of the fastest growing economies of Asia. Vietnam is a developing economy but it is expected that soon it will be a developed company. In the first section of this study, Vietnam economy has been described. Vietnams government is applying many policies to overcome all the problems and make their nation best one. In the second section, the study revel about Production performance output that what are production performance output and an analysis on production performance analysis of Vietnam in 2005- 2016. In third section, study on Labour market analysis has been done. In this section it is described that what is labour market and an analysis study on Vietnam labour market in 2005-2016. In fourth section, Price level analysis has been done. This section describes about price level and price level analysis in Vietnam from 2005-2016. The last section is a conclusion section. Economy of Vietnam: Viet Nam had declared one of the highest rates of poverty reduction and economic growth in the world though it was accompanied by higher inequality. There are several factors behind these improvements. Some of the factors are pragmatic party leadership, strong governing and market institutions, wide reaching network of infrastructure, economic policies, initial investment for human development, focus on agriculture and many more (Vandemoortele Bird, 2011). Vietnams economy is increasing rapidly in recent years. Its Gross domestic product (GDP) was 8.4% in 2005. It forecasted 8.0% in 2006. Vietnams highly export helped its economy to grow more rapidly Still much of the population of Vietnam living at rural area and heavily dependent on Biomass energy source (Focus economics,2016). These are dung, rice husks and wood. Thus, the per capita commercial consumption rank of Vietnam is among the lowest in Asia. Its commercial energy is expected to rise in further years because of increasing the rate of natural gas consumption. Currently in Vietnam the economic activities have lost some speed in comparison of last quarter. The internal reason behind this slow rate is industrial production growth and external reason is less export and high import. The main reason behind less export is Samsung phone scandal, as the phones quality and features are not good enough and it had been manufactured in Vietnam. Production Output Performance Analysis: Production is a kind of process where various material and immaterial inputs combining together for make something to consume. Production output performance is a kind of regular measurement done to check the result or outcome, which generates a reliable data of output on its efficiency and effectiveness. Output Information doesnt tell anything related to actual result achieved or the significance of service and product delivered. Output information is needed by a country to analyze the size of input and activities produce. In 2005, Vietnams growth rate of manufacturing sector had increased more than 9%. Vietnam had exposed itself from domestic market to foreign market. Vietnam had expanded its export of manufacturing goods such as footwear and textiles. The liberalization impacted on service sector also as retail and transport service. The people started shifting from agriculture sector to non agriculture sector. Vietnam manufacturing sector has expanded by 9.3% in 2005 and labour productivity has been increased by 3.1%. As this sector is having a part of 30% of overall GDP, the rapid growth of this department made a sustainable change in Vietnams economy. The competitive strength of Vietnam in 2005 was agriculture, service and industry. The main industry of manufacturing sector was ready made clothes and electrical equipment with 12.9% and 12.0% share respectively. The export rate was also increasing in this period. It was among the fastest and largest growing agriculture export country in Asia at that time (Hoang, 2008). In 2016, the GDP of Vietnam has been rose by 6.7%, more than expected. The performance of manufacturing department is very strong currently with a sharp growth in output, improving in the demand of client and competitive pricing. In this period, many efforts are doing by Vietnam government through make the changes in exchange rate for enhancing the manufacturing sector more. In Vietnams the FDI is also increasing from last few years. Exports have been increased by 10% with a surplus of US$ 2.5 billion. Vietnam public is more skilled now, people are doing work with more effectiveness and efficiency to achieve their target and make the profit. It is directly impacting on GDP of Vietnam. Soon, it is expected by Vietnam to be a developed company. The policies of former government were quite nice and the same is expecting by public from new government. Thus, it can be concluded that industry is so far so good. Many significant changes has been done in the industry to change the economy of Vietnam from developing to a developed country. Many foreign companies are manufacturing their product in Vietnam right now like Samsung. Vietnam is inviting more FDI to invest in their country and making it a competitive country in the market. Labour Market Analysis: Labour market is a place where employees and labour meet with each other. In this market, an employer looks for the best employee whereas workers find for a satisfying job. It is a part of economy where demand and supply of labour is analyzed. Here, Labour demand stands for the firms demand of labour and Supply stands for workers supply in the market. The demand and supply of labour is influenced by bargaining power of both the parties (Berg, 2015). Labour market of Vietnam was in the process of establishment in 2005. There were many shortcomings like partitioned by regions, partition by territories, undeveloped and lack of legal framework etc). The labour market size of Vietnam was 11.10 millions, 25.6% of total labour in Vietnam. The policies affected only non-agriculture sector workers only. Agriculture sector and forestry sector employees were remained limited (Kline, 2007). In 2005, approx 6% labour were engaged in agriculture sector, 22% labour in non agriculture sector and remained 72% people were self employed out of which 53% self employed people were in agriculture-forestry-fishery sector. Vietnams government was focusing more on labour and their employment. There were 177 public employment introduction centres. Nationwide, approx 3000 employment consultancy introduced in 2005. Thus Vietnams labour market was emerging in 2005. Still because of low competitiveness in the labour market, there were imbalance between demand and supply of labour. In 2016, Vietnams labour market is increasing rapidly. Currently, there are 70.17 million people over there among them 24.48 are living in urban area. The inactive population over the age of 15 is 15.77 million people that have been decreased from previous year (General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), 2008). The labour market participation is increasing continuously even the share in labour market of women has also increased. The quality and quantity of labour Supply has been improved in comparison of last years. A significant change has been found among the school and college going students (Lodhi, 2010). The ratio of skilled labour has been increased in the market of Vietnam. The skilled workers group has divided into 5 groups:Above university there are 134 thousand people (2.77%); Professional degree holder are 454 thousand people (3.06%); 33,000 people from vocational college (18.37%); secondary and primary people are 68,000 people (9.48%) and 46,000 people respectively. There is a declining trend in Agriculture, forestry and fisheries labour also as they all are shifting in non agriculture sector now (Thuy et all, 2015). Thus, the market scenario has been changed in a large manner from 2005 to 2016. There are so many changes in the industry. Vietnam has proved itself as one of the rapidly changing countries of Asia. In comparison of 2005, there is more skilled labour in the market and wages rate has also been increased. Because of Globalization, labour requirement has also been increased and its result is showing on the GDP of Vietnam. Price Level Analysis: Price level is a technique of measurement of current price of any services or goods in the economy in a specific country at a specified time. This technique helps an economist to monitor the changes into the price of goods and services. Price changes due to either inflation or deflation in the market. If there is inflation in the market, the price level will be increased and if there is deflation in the market, then price level will be decreased. The most common type of price level measurement is consumer price index (CPI). This helps a country to know about its economy and competitive advantage (Arnold, 2008). In 2005, the economic growth rate was high with an average rate of 7% per annum. Inflation was managed at a low rate because of high oil prices, bird flu, and rice demand in international market. Vietnam became member of WTO in 2005 and after it the landscape of the country has been improved. In 2005, a huge hike has been noticed in world market and it impacted to Vietnams economy with a great increment in consumer price index (An, 2005). Prices of foodstuffs and food, services etc had increased due to rose in the price of oil and petrol in 2005. As a result of it many products price has been increased specially that product which consumes oil pr petrol while manufacturing (Ngoc, Trinh Thanh, 2007). Thus, a new and higher price level had been detected in Vietnam economy (Vinh Fujita, 2007). The CPI was increased by 6.8% at the end of 2005. The new price level impacted on the economy of Vietnam and it resulted as a poor competitiveness of enterprises, products and economy as a whole (General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO), 2008). The CPI of Vietnam in 2016 is increased to 104.67 points in November. In the first 3 months of 2016, 1.3% inflation rates has been rose due to these reasons: Development and investment in Vietnams macroeconomic report, draught has caused an increment in agriculture price, foreign investment plan and free trade agreement have become effective. The increase in the price of medical service, fuel, education, food etc plays key role in the rise of CPI. CPI is out of the control of government. The raise into price of goods drives a higher rate of inflation. Commercial bank forecasted that inflation rate of 2016 in Vietnam will be more than 5% and the same happened (Trading Economics, 2016). The inflation rate increased more than expected and it is because of natural disaster, severe population and price of oil. The inflation rate was increased in 2005 and 2016 unexpectedly. The reason behind it is some natural problems, higher prices in world market, oil and petrol price increment etc. The more inflation rate, more price of products and at the time of deflation rate, less price of products. The reasons behind gradually increasing the inflation rate are price decided by WTO and oil and petrol prices. Conclusion: After studying many published articles, newspapers, research papers, books and many more, it can be concluded that Vietnams macroeconomic is rapidly increasing. The economy of Vietnam is among the fastest growing economies in Asia. This essay is revealing about product performance output that how a products output impacts on economy of a nation, Price level analysis that how price of a product and inflation rate of a country impacts its whole economy and their competitive advantages, Labour market analysis tells about demand and supply of labour and its impact on Vietnams economy. It can be concluded after doing this study that Vietnam is an emerging country and policies applied by the government of Vietnam are really working and helping this nation to grow up. This country is focusing on each element to be a developed company and exports are continuously increasing of this nation that is helping this nation to maintain the inflation rate. Reference: Vandemoortele, M. Bird, K. (2011). Viet Nams progress on economic growth and poverty reduction: Impressive improvements. Overseas Development Institute. Kline P.M. (2007). Three essays on Labour market analysis: Dissertation Summary. Viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://research.upjohn.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1010context=dissertation_awards An D. V. (2005). Vietnam Economy 2001-2005 and socio economic development plan 2006-2010. Viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://www.eaber.org/sites/default/files/documents/CIEM_Dinh_2006_02.pdf. Trading Economics (2016). Vietnam Consumer Price Index (CPI). Viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://www.tradingeconomics.com/vietnam/consumer-price-index-cpi Vinh, N. Fujita S. (2007). The impact of real exchange rate on output and inflation in Vietnam: A VAR approach. Viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://www.lib.kobe-u.ac.jp/repository/80200043.pdf. Berg, J. (2015). Labour markets, Institutions and Inequality. Edward Elger Publishing. Arnold, R. A. (2008). Macroeconomics. Cengage learning. General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) (2008). National Accounts Online, viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=468idmid=3ItemID=6193, accessed 01st July 2008. General Statistics Office of Vietnam (GSO) (2008). National Accounts Online, viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://www.gso.gov.vn/default_en.aspx?tabid=468idmid=3ItemID=6193, accessed 01st July 2008. Lodhi, A. H. A. (October, 2010). Land, Labour and Agrarian Transition in Vietnam. Journal of Agarian Change, Vol. 10, pp 564-580. Focus Economics. (November, 2016). Vietnam Economic Outlook. Viewed on 12 Dec 2016 from https://www.focus-economics.com/countries/vietnam Ngoc, Q. P., Trinh, Q. B. Thanh, D. N. (2007). Economic performance of Vietnam, 1976- 2000: New evidence from input-output model?, DEPOCEN Working Paper Series No. 2007/13. Hoang, V. Q. (2008). Vietnam Economic Times. Voung Quan Hoang. Thuy, N. T. Et all (2015). Exploring vietnams progress in economic growth. Swiss programme for research on global issue for development. World trade Institute.

Smart Grid Cyber Security Challenges †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Smart Grid Cyber Security Challenges. Answer: Introduction: I created my knowledge about the challenges in cybersecurity for business. The cybersecurity becomes a major problem for the business in current years at the same time it can be evaluated that such kinds of issues are emerged by rapid changes in the technical development at the international level (Elmaghraby, and Losavio, 2014). In addition to this, I have observed that cyber thread is also increased by rapidly enhancement in the practices of computers, mobile, internet, and other devices. I have pointed that there are some significant kinds of factors that create the cyber threats such as network attacks, attacks, and viruses. Along with this, these factors can affect the financial performance of the firm in long-run. Along with this, it is also evaluated the cybersecurity can be beneficial to positively operate the business and obtain the favorable result in long-term (Yang, and Wen, 2017). Along with this, I also learned about the project scope which can support to determine the possibility of the research. I also gained my knowledge about the objectives of project systematically. I created my depth knowledge about challenges of cyber security along with tools and techniques to overcome the challenges in an appropriate manner. Along with this, I learned about some factors that can be caused by the cyber challenge such as phishing, malware, botnet, social engineering, keyloggers, and virus. Along with this, I also gained my knowledge about some factors like lack of leadership in the working place, teamwork issue, lack of awareness and education, and lack of regulation issues. Another factor is rapidly enhancement in the utilization of technology, lack of control, and enhancement in the numbers of internet users. Additionally, it can also be said I also gained my knowledge about the impact of these factors on the performance of an organization. Along with this, it can be said that the cybersecurity can secure the confidential data of an organization in long-term (Scully, 2014). In addition to this, I created my knowledge about the primary objectives of the project. I created my awareness about research question that includes primary and secondary research question. Moreover, I increased my consciousness about the research methodology in depth. The research methodology can be supportive to provide an appropriate technique for completing the research issues in an effective way. At the same time, it can also be said that there are two kinds of research methods that are considered in the research design. These are qualitative and quantitative research that will be also effective to collect the data systematically (Cherdantseva, et. al., 2016). In addition, I also understood that qualitative research is used to collect the theoretical data about the research issues. It will also support to obtain the reliable outcome in less time and cost. It can be said that quantitative research is used to present the numeric data in a systematic manner. Further, the quantitative research is significant to obtain the reliable result (Gunes, et. al., 2014). At the same time, I also learned that the mixed research can support to mitigate the disadvantages of both methods named qualitative and quantitative method. In addition, I also gained my understanding about the reliability and validity of the research. I understood that ethical research could be effective to obtain the favorable outcome in the specified time. In addition to this, it can be said that some significant factors such as applicability, conformability, consistency, transferability, and credibility of the research can affect the reliability and validity of the research (Kumar, et. al., 2014). In addition, I also gained my knowledge about the research approaches that can be significant the research. Moreover, it can be evaluated that there are two kinds of research approac hes such as inductive and deductive approaches. Both inductive and deductive approaches could be essential in the research (Mendel, 2017). I learned that the inductive approach is used to build theory regarding the research issue. Further, the inductive approach is used by the researcher at the time of subjective research. Additionally, the deductive approach is used to prove and reject the research hypothesis in an appropriate manner. Beside this, it can be evaluated that the exploratory design method will be significant in the research wherein two kinds of methods were included like primary and secondary data collection method (Cavelty, and Mauer, 2016). In addition to this, it can be said I also gained my knowledge about the data collection method that will be significant to collect the data in an appropriate manner. There are two kinds of methods such as primary and secondary data collection method. The primary data collection method relies on the new data that will be collected by using some significant factors such as observation, questionnaire, and interview method (Jajodia, et. al., 2015). Moreover, I have pointed that the primary data collection method can be supportive to obtain a reliable result. In opposition to this, I also learned about the secondary data collection method can also be significant to get information about the research dilemma. I learned that there are different kinds of sources that support to collect the data in an effective manner like a journal, academic journal, online and offline sources, books, magazines, and annual report and company websites. Along with this, the depth understanding about research can be effective for me to increase my knowledge as well as support to improve my personal and professional life. Along with this, I also created my consciousness about the evaluation of collected data in an appropriate manner. At the same time, secondary data analysis can include case study, and literature review to evaluate the collected data and obtain the reliable result. In opposition to this, the primary data analysis involve statistical tool to measure the collected data in an effective manner (Patrick, and Fields, 2017). I also created my understanding about the sampling method and sample size. I created my death understanding about convenient sampling method that will be significant in the research. In addition to this, it can be said that the research limitation can also be significant to complete the research in an effective manner. The research limitation can be a barrier to accomplish the research issue in an appropriate manner (Jajodia, et. al., 2015). Moreover, I also increased my knowledge about some significant factors that can influence the research like lack of utilization of personal data in the research, lack of appropriate resources, limited time, and lack of cost. In addition to this, it can also be said that knowledge about research can support to improve my professional life in long-term. In addition to this, it can also be said that I learned about time schedule that supports to complete any act in the specified time. Along with this, it can also be evaluated that the time management skills can support to improve my personal life in long-run. References Cavelty, M. D., and Mauer, V. (2016)Power and security in the information age: Investigating the role of the state in cyberspace. UK: Routledge. Cherdantseva, Y., Burnap, P., Blyth, A., Eden, P., Jones, K., Soulsby, H., and Stoddart, K. (2016) A review of cybersecurity risk assessment methods for SCADA systems,computers and security,56, pp. 1-27. Elmaghraby, A. S., and Losavio, M. M. (2014) Cybersecurity challenges in Smart Cities: Safety, security, and privacy,Journal of advanced research,5(4), pp. 491-497. Gunes, V., Peter, S., Givargis, T., and Vahid, F. (2014) A survey of concepts, applications, and challenges in cyber-physical systems,TIIS,8(12), pp. 4242-4268. Jajodia, S., Shakarian, P., Subrahmanian, V. S., Swarup, V., and Wang, C. (Eds.). (2015).Cyber Warfare: Building the Scientific Foundation(Vol. 56). Berlin: Springer. Kumar, V. A., Pandey, K. K., and Punia, D. K. (2014) Cybersecurity threats in the power sector: Need for a domain-specific regulatory framework in India,Energy Policy,65, pp. 126-133. Mendel, J. (2017) Smart Grid Cyber Security Challenges: Overview and Classification,e-mentor, 1 (68), pp. 55-66. Patrick, H., and Fields, Z. (2017) A Need for Cyber Security Creativity,Collective Creativity for Responsible and Sustainable Business Practice, pp. 42-61. Scully, T. (2014) The cybersecurity threat stops in the boardroom,Journal of business continuity and emergency planning,7(2), pp. 138-148. Yang, S. C., and Wen, B. (2017) Toward a cybersecurity curriculum model for undergraduate business schools: A survey of AACSB-accredited institutions in the United States,Journal of Education for Business,92(1), pp. 1-8.